Introduction To Chemistry & Energy
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass
whereas Energy is the capacity to do work or put matter into motion
ENERGY
I). Energy Component
A). Potential energy
B). Kinetic energy
II). Forms of Energy
MATTER
I). Atomic Structure
A). Element
B). Atom
1). Nucleus:
a). Neutrons: neutral charged
b). Protons: positively charged
2). Orbitals:
a). Electrons: negatively charged
electrons = protons
The number of protons never change.
When the number of neutrons change the atom is called an ISOTOPE.
When the number of electrons change the atom is called an ION also called SALTS
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particles
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charge |
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proton |
charge = +1 |
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electron |
charge = -1 |
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neutron |
charge = 0 |
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Change in the number of particles number of particles charge |
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protons = electrons |
net charge = 0 |
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protons > electrons (Loss of an electron) |
net charge = + |
ION |
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protons < electrons (Gain of an electron) |
net charge = - |
ION |
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Change in number of neutrons |
net charge = 0 Atomic weight changes |
ISOTOPE |
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Change in the number of protons |
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS NEVER CHANGES |
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How to determine a charge
Losing an electron
Gaining an electron
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B). Periodic Table:
C). Atomic Symbol:
D). Atomic Number: number of protons
E). Atomic Mass Number:
Number of protons + the number of neutrons
Mass of a proton = mass of a neutron = 1 amu
F). Atomic Weight:
II). Molecules and Compounds
A). Compound: A substance composed of 2 or more chemically bonded elements.
B). Molecule: The smallest unit of a chemical compound.
1). Molecular Formula:
III). Mixtures
Two or more components physically intermixed together.
A). Solutions
B). Colloids
C). Suspensions
Differences between compounds and mixtures
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compounds |
mixtures |
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properties of atoms |
properties change |
properties unchanged |
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separate substances |
cannot be easily separated |
can be separated by physical means |
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homogenous or heterogeneous |
does not apply |
can be either homogenous or heterogeneous |