A.        A.  Transgenic 

Animals and plants in which novel DNA has been incorporated in the genetic line.

i.e. Golden rice

 

Frankenfood

 

B.  Recombinant DNA also called Gene Cloning

An enzyme breaks the DNA and a fragment of DNA is attached into the DNA strand.

 

The DNA is “pasted” together with enzymes.

 

Now the organism can produce the proteins on the new DNA strand.

C.  Genetic Therapy

gene vectors:

A piece of DNA usually a viral or bacterial that moves genes from one cell to another.

D. Genetic testing or screening

A sample of tissue is run through an electrophoresis unit, which physically sorts the nucleic acids.

 

A genetic marker is determined because DNA material varies from person to person

 

1. Disease

DNA testing can indicate the existence

of a particular genetic trait,

changes in chromosomes

changes in DNA that are associated with inherited diseases in asymptomatic individuals

2. DNA profiling also called DNA fingerprinting

Sample is then segmented using enzymes

 

the segments are arranged by size using a process called electrophoresis.

 

The segments are marked & exposed to X-ray where they form a pattern of black bars—

 

If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.