APII Study Guides

Review Practical 3  AP II

Circulatory, Blood, Lymphatic, & Digestive

 

Be able to identify and know the functions of the following glands, organs & structures. Be able to identify the histology slides that are listed.

Look at the models and the slides

(Know what is it, where can it be found & what does it do)

 

Blood
  1. Know what these components are and be able to identify them.
  2. There will be blood slides on the test and you will be asked to identify several leukocytes.
  3. Remember knowing what the nucleus looks like is the best way to identify the leukocytes.

 

Be able to identify the following cell types on a slide:

  1. Erythrocyte
  2. Leukocyte
  1. Agranular
  1. Monocytes
  2. Lymphocytes
  1. Granular
  1. Neutrophil
  2. Basophils
  3. Eosinophils
  1. Platelets

 

Red Blood Cells

  1. Know why red blood cells do not have a nucleus
  2. In blood what do an antigen and an antibody mean.
  3. Know what a blood type is.
  4. Be able to identify blood types on the cards (There will be several of them)
  5. What is the blood type if it coagulates with:
  1. Anti-A
  2. Anti-B
  3. Both Anti-A & Anti B
  4. Neither Anti-A or Anti-B
  5. Anti-Rh
  1. Know what type of blood a person with type A, B, AB, or O (positive or negative) can receive and what types can they donate to.
  2. Know what hemoglobin is and its functions

 

Lymphatic System
  1. Know which direction lymph moves.
  2. Know the components of lymph.
  3. Know what Peyer’s patches are

 

Gross Anatomy (Know location and function of each of the following structures)

  1. lymphatic vessels
  1. thoracic duct
  2. right lymphatic duct
  3. intestinal trunk
  4. lumbar trunk
  5. subclavian trunk
    6.
  6. cisterna chyli
  1. lymph nodes

            Structures

  1. capsule
  2. cortex
  3. medulla
  4. afferent lymphatic vessels
  5. efferent lymphatic vessels

Locations

  1. cervical
  2. axillary
  3. inguinal
  4. pelvic
  5. abdominal
  6. thoracic
  7. supratronchlear
  1. appendix
  2. thymus
  3. spleen
  1. splenic vein
  2. splenic artery
  1. tonsils
    1. palatine tonsils
    2. lingual tonsils
    3. pharyngeal tonsil

Histology

  1. lymphatic vessel
    1. valve
  2. spleen
    1. white pulp
    2. red pulp
  3. tonsils
    1. crypts (Know their function)
  4. thymus
    1. lobules
    2. cortex
    3. medulla
  5. lymph nodes
    1. capsule
    2. cortex
    3. medulla

 

Digestive System
  1. Know that the digestive tract is a continuous tube from the mouth to the anus
  2. know the function of each organ
  3. Know the characteristics of the primary and secondary sets of teeth
  4. Know what alimentary canal means
  5. Know what a bolus is
  6. Know what chyme is
  7. Know what makes up the triad in the liver
  8. Know what the endocrine and exocrine functions of the spleen are.

 

Digestive Vessels

Arteries
  1. abdominal aorta
  2. celiac trunk
  3. common hepatic arteries
  4. splenic arteries
  5. left gastric arteries
  6. superior mesenteric artery
  7. inferior mesenteric artery

Veins

  1. superior mesenteric veins
  2. inferior mesenteric
  3. splenic vein
  4. hepatic portal system
  5. inferior vena cava.

 

Layers of the Digestive Tract

  1. peritoneum
  2. mesentery
  3. serosa
  4. mucosa
  5. submucosa
  6. muscularis
    1. circular smooth muscle layer
    2. lateral smooth muscle layer

     

Gross Anatomy

  1. mouth
    1. salivary glands
  1. parotid gland
  2. submandibular gland
  3. sublingual gland
  1. tongue
  2. teeth

General Structure

  1. crown,
  2. root
  3. dentin
  4. enamel

Types of teeth

  1. central incisor
  2. lateral incisor
  3. premolar
  4. molar
  5. cuspid
  1. pharynx
    1. oropharynx
  2. esophagus
  3. stomach
  1. cardiac stomach
  2. cardiac sphincter
  3. fundus
  4. rugae of mucosa
  5. pyloric sphincter
  6. pyloric stomach
  7. lesser & greater curvatures
  1. small intestine (know the order)
  1. duodenum

i. hepatopancreatic ampulla

  1. jejunum
  2. ileum
  1.  large intestine
  1. ileocecal valve
  2. teniae coli
  3. cecum
  4. appendix
  5. ascending colon
  6. transverse colon
  7. descending colon
  8. sigmoid colon
  9. mesentery
  10. rectum
  11. anus
  1. liver
  1. lobes of the liver
  1. right lobe
  2. left lobe
  3. caudate lobe
  4. quadrate lobe
  1. hepatic artery
  2. hepatic portal vein
  3. common hepatic duct
  1. Gallbladder
  1. cystic duct
  2. common bile duct
  3. hepatic duct
  1. Pancreas
  1. pancreatic duct
  2. acinar cells

 

Histology

  1. stomach

    1. mucosa

    2. gastric pits

     

  2. small intestine

    1. mucosa

    2. submocousa

    3. smooth muscle

    4. villi

     

  3. large intestine

    1. mucosa

    2. submucousa

    3. smooth muscle

    4. goblet cells

     

  4. liver

    1. triad

    2. central vein

    3. lobule

     

  5. pancreas

    1. acinar cells

    2. ducts

    3. pancreatic islets